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Updated: May 24, 2026

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
Published on: August 18, 2023
[Management of refractory dyspnoea in patients with advanced diseases - evidence-based update for clinical practice]
Steffen T Simon1, Nadine Altfelder, Raymond Voltz
1Universitätsklinik Köln und Institut für Palliative Care, Oldenburg. steffen@steffensimoon.de
Abstract:
Many patients with advanced diseases complain about refractory breathlessness when breathlessness is present although the underlying disease is optimal treated. After exclusion of potential curable causes of breathlessness, management of refractory breathlessness includes general approaches, pharmacological (opioids) and non-pharmacological (e.g. handheld fan, rollator) interventions. Oxygen should be used far less than used in clinical practice at the moment and needs critical appraisal of effectiveness.
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