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Infertility in Females

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...

Life Histories

Life Histories

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

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Natural conception rates in subfertile couples following fertility awareness training.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Infertility: definitions and strategies.

¹Green-ivf, Grevenbroich, Germany. dr.christian.gnoth@rmz-nrw.de

Minerva Ginecologica

|February 16, 2012

Summary

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a key indicator of ovarian reserve, helping women understand their reproductive timeline. AMH levels inform crucial clinical decisions regarding family planning and fertility.

Area of Science:

Reproductive endocrinology
Gynecology
Biomarker analysis

Background:

Ovarian reserve assessment is crucial for reproductive health.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is recognized as a reliable biomarker.
Early screening can inform reproductive planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the utility of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a screening tool.
To emphasize the importance of AMH in assessing ovarian reserve.
To demonstrate how AMH levels inform reproductive timelines and clinical decisions.

Main Methods:

Utilizing Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level measurements.
Comparing individual AMH levels to percentile normograms.
Analyzing AMH data for clinical decision support.

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

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Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Main Results:

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a sensitive marker for ovarian reserve.
AMH levels provide insights into an individual's biological clock.
Normogram data aids in understanding potential reproductive timelines.

Conclusions:

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is suitable for screening ovarian reserve in women.
AMH testing supports informed clinical decisions for family planning.
Understanding AMH levels empowers women regarding their reproductive health.