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Updated: May 24, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Fuel use in a large, dynamically deployed emergency medical services system.

Jeremy J Hess¹, Lawrence A Greenberg

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jhess@emory.edu

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

|February 17, 2012

Summary

Emergency medical services (EMS) are heavily reliant on petroleum for patient transport. This study quantifies EMS fuel use to inform strategies for reducing petroleum dependence and planning for scarcity.

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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Published on: June 12, 2016

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Public Health
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Emergency medical services (EMS) are critical for healthcare, especially for the elderly.
Current EMS transport systems heavily depend on petroleum, posing a public health risk due to potential scarcity.
Limited data exists on EMS fuel consumption, scarcity impacts, and mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the fuel consumption of a large, urban, hospital-based EMS system.
To identify optimization strategies to reduce EMS petroleum dependence.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of fuel purchasing and maintenance records from January 2007 to September 2008.
Collected data on unit-hours, call volume, and patient transports.
Descriptive statistical analysis of collected data.

Main Results:

A fleet of 35 diesel ambulances operated for 277,849 unit-hours, traveling 1,902,710 miles.
Average fuel efficiency was 6.7 miles per gallon (mpg).
The system used 2.7 gallons of fuel per transport, highlighting significant petroleum dependence.

Conclusions:

EMS operations demonstrate a fundamental reliance on petroleum resources.
Mileage data provides a baseline for evaluating interventions aimed at reducing petroleum use.
Systematic evaluations are crucial as cost pressures and sustainability initiatives grow.