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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Sensation01:21

Sensation

Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants
09:18

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants

Published on: December 20, 2011

Sensorial saturation for infants' pain.

Carlo Valerio Bellieni1, Monica Tei, Francesca Coccina

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproduction Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Sensorial saturation (SS) effectively relieves neonatal pain during procedures. This multisensorial stimulation is more effective than oral solutions alone, promoting nurse-infant interaction.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
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A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
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A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pain management

Background:

  • Sensorial saturation (SS) is a multisensorial stimulation involving tactile, gustative, auditory, and visual stimuli.
  • The procedure includes facial massage, gentle vocalization, and administering a sweet solution to the infant's tongue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of sensorial saturation (SS) in managing neonatal pain.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic Medline search was conducted for human neonatal studies on SS.
  • The search focused on articles published within the last 10 years, up to January 2012.

Main Results:

  • Eight articles utilized complete SS, and two used incomplete SS.
  • Complete SS effectively relieved newborn pain, outperforming oral solutions alone.
  • Partial SS showed some effectiveness, but less than complete SS; stimuli without sweet solution were ineffective.

Conclusions:

  • Sensorial saturation (SS) is a safe and effective analgesic for newborns undergoing minor painful procedures like blood draws.
  • SS is superior to oral sugar alone for pain relief.
  • SS enhances nurse-infant interaction and is a valuable tool in neonatal intensive care units.