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Generation of the masticatory central pattern and its modulation by sensory feedback
Philippe Morquette1, Raphaël Lavoie, Mitch-David Fhima
1Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central du FRSQ, Université de Montréal and Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Canada.
Progress in Neurobiology
|February 21, 2012
Summary
The brainstem
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Mastication relies on rhythmic jaw movements generated by the brainstem's masticatory central pattern generator (CPG).
- This CPG involves trigeminal system neurons located between the trigeminal motor and facial nuclei.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the anatomical organization, development, connectivity, and cellular properties of trigeminal circuits for mastication.
- To highlight the role of rhythmogenic neurons and their intrinsic properties in masticatory rhythm generation.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on masticatory central pattern generator (CPG) organization and function.
- Analysis of cellular properties, including intrinsic bursting and ion channel currents (persistent Na+ current - I(NaP)).
Main Results:
- Rhythmogenic neurons in the dorsal trigeminal sensory nucleus possess intrinsic bursting capabilities.
- A persistent Na+ current (I(NaP)) enhances bursting, particularly when extracellular Ca2+ decreases.
- Ca2+ and voltage-dependency of I(NaP) may allow cortical and sensory inputs to modulate CPG output.
- Astrocytes may regulate extracellular Ca2+ and influence functional microdomains within neuronal circuits.
Conclusions:
- The Ca2+-dependent persistent Na+ current in specific trigeminal neurons is crucial for adapting masticatory rhythm.
- Astrocytes play a potential role in modulating neuronal excitability and network dynamics during mastication.
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