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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles in drug...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either weak...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability01:30

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

The drug distribution process within the human body is a complex interplay of various physicochemical properties inherent to the drugs. These properties, including molecular size, ionization degree, partition coefficient, and stereochemical nature, significantly impact how drugs permeate biological membranes to reach their target tissues.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles.

Daniela Karadzovska1, James D Brooks, Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere

  • 1Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting skin permeability from complex mixtures is challenging. New quantitative structure-permeation relationship (QSPR) models, incorporating a mixture factor, improve predictions for dermal absorption from realistic formulations.

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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay
08:43

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay

Published on: June 19, 2018

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Dermal Absorption Modeling

Background:

  • Vehicle and formulation components significantly impact skin chemical absorption.
  • Predicting dermal absorption from single vehicles is established, but complex mixtures remain a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles.
  • To highlight the development and validation of models for dermal absorption from mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing quantitative structure-permeation relationship (QSPR) models.
  • Employing linear free energy relationships (LFER) with molecular descriptors.
  • Statistical validation using in vitro and ex vivo experimental data.

Main Results:

  • QSPR models incorporating a 'mixture factor' show promise for predicting dermal absorption from complex formulations.
  • These models account for physicochemical properties of mixture components.

Conclusions:

  • Progress has been made in predicting skin permeability from complex vehicles.
  • Advanced QSPR models offer a pathway to better understand dermal absorption from realistic mixtures.