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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

High cholesterol levels are associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Fabio Mangiacapra¹, Bernard De Bruyne, Aaron J Peace

¹Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)

|February 21, 2012

Summary

High cholesterol, particularly LDL cholesterol, is linked to impaired coronary microvascular function in patients with coronary artery disease. This study used invasive measurements to confirm the association between cholesterol and microvascular resistance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Vascular Biology
Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important contributor to ischemic heart disease.
The relationship between serum lipid profiles and CMD remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between serum cholesterol levels and coronary microvascular function, assessed by the index of microvascular resistance (IMR).
To determine if cholesterol levels are independent predictors of CMD in patients with coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

Invasive measurement of IMR during coronary angiography in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis.
Measurement of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides before catheterization.
Multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of IMR, adjusting for epicardial disease severity and fractional flow reserve.

Main Results:

A significant positive correlation was observed between IMR and both total cholesterol (r=0.28, P=0.003) and LDL cholesterol (r=0.30, P=0.001).
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol emerged as the sole independent predictor of IMR.
Microvascular dysfunction (IMR > 26) was present in 29% of the investigated coronary arteries.

Conclusions:

Invasive assessment of microvascular resistance supports a significant correlation between cholesterol levels and coronary microvascular dysfunction.
Elevated LDL cholesterol is independently associated with impaired coronary microvascular function in patients with coronary artery disease.