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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
[Assessments of progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer]
Kotaro Suzuki1, Hideyuki Nohda, Makoto Funahashi
1The Department of Urology, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital.
Abstract:
We retrospectively studied 463 patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 at two facilities (Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital and Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital). In this study, disease progression was defined as invasion to the muscle or further (upstage) and presence of metastasis (metastasis). We detected progression in 22 cases, including 18 upstages and 4 metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that factors associated with progression were T category (pT1 p< 0.0001), grade (high grade p< 0.0001, G3 p< 0.0001) and number of tumors (multiple p=0.0213). Multivariate analysis showed that the only equivocal factor associated with progression was T category (T1). Use of a second tansurethral resection for high-grade pT1 cases was unrelated to progression. Among the patients with progression, many had a more advanced T category at the time of radical treatment, and the results of treatment were poor. The factors associated with progression of bladder cancer should be investigated in more detail, so that early radical treatment can be initiated in eligible patients.
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