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Cognitive Dysfunction in Normally Aging Urban Older Adults: A Community-based Study.
Rakesh Kumar Tripathi1, S C Tiwari
1Department of Geriatric Mental Health, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|February 21, 2012
Summary
Cognitive screening may not fully rule out cognitive dysfunction in older Indian adults. Mild objective impairments in orientation and concentration were common, increasing with age.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Public Health
Background:
- Cognitive screening tools are used to assess cognitive function in older adults.
- The efficacy of these screenings in detecting subtle cognitive impairments in diverse populations, such as in India, requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if cognitive screening adequately identifies impairments across various cognitive domains in older Indian adults.
- To explore the prevalence and patterns of cognitive dysfunction in a sample of normally aging older adults in India.
Main Methods:
- A study was conducted on 89 older adults (≥60 years) in urban Lucknow, India, who were negative on the Mixed Mini Mental State Examination and Hindi Mental State Examination (Mixed MMSE).
- Participants scoring above 23 on the Mixed MMSE and without significant physical illness were classified as normally aging.
- These individuals were further assessed using the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale to evaluate cognitive functioning across different domains.
Main Results:
- Over half (51.7%) of normally aging older adults exhibited mild objective dysfunction in orientation, followed by concentration (22.5%).
- Males showed significantly higher rates of objective dysfunction in orientation and functioning/self-care compared to females (P<0.05).
- Older adults aged 70 years and above reported significantly more subjective dysfunction in recent and past memory compared to those aged 60-69 (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
- Normally aging older adults can present with objective cognitive dysfunction, particularly in orientation, concentration, and functioning/self-care.
- The prevalence of subjective cognitive dysfunction, especially in memory, increases with age.
- Cognitive screening may not capture all instances of cognitive impairment in older adults, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessments.
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