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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing vector...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

High dynamic velocity range particle image velocimetry using multiple pulse separation imaging.

Tim Persoons1, Tadhg S O'Donovan

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Parsons Building, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. tso1@hw.ac.uk

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new multiple pulse separation (MPS) technique significantly enhances particle image velocimetry (PIV) dynamic velocity range. This method improves flow measurement accuracy for challenging applications like impinging jets.

Keywords:
PACS 47.80.CbPIVhigh dynamic rangeimpinging jet flowlaser-Doppler velocimetryuncertainty analysisvelocity measurements

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Experimental fluid mechanics
  • Measurement techniques

Background:

  • Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is crucial for fluid flow analysis.
  • Conventional PIV struggles with flows exhibiting wide velocity ranges, such as impinging jets.
  • Existing dynamic range extension techniques have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel technique, Multiple Pulse Separation (MPS) PIV, to substantially increase the dynamic velocity range.
  • To validate the MPS PIV technique in challenging flow conditions.
  • To demonstrate improved measurement precision for flow characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • The MPS technique records multiple double-frame exposures with varying pulse separations.
  • It employs conventional multi-grid algorithms for processing.
  • A robust criterion optimizes pulse separation locally based on correlation strength and measurement uncertainty.

Main Results:

  • The MPS technique increases the dynamic velocity range by over an order of magnitude.
  • Validation in impinging jet flows shows significant improvements in precision for mean flow and turbulence quantities compared to conventional PIV.
  • Laser-Doppler velocimetry confirmed the accuracy of the MPS PIV measurements.

Conclusions:

  • MPS PIV is a robust and effective method for extending the dynamic velocity range of PIV measurements.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of conventional PIV in flows with wide velocity variations.
  • MPS PIV offers enhanced precision without restricting vector evaluation methods, broadening its applicability.