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Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

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3-Bromo-pyridin-2-amine.

Marcelle Johnson¹, Andreas Lemmerer

¹Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|February 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of C(5)H(5)BrN(2) reveals molecules forming hydrogen-bonded dimers. These dimers further assemble into 2D layers through C-Br⋯Br halogen bonding, influencing crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Supramolecular Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular assembly is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
Halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding are key non-covalent interactions driving crystal engineering.
The title compound, C(5)H(5)BrN(2), presents an opportunity to study these interactions in a specific molecular context.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(5)H(5)BrN(2).
To identify and analyze the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding, governing the crystal packing.
To understand how these interactions lead to the formation of supramolecular architectures.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks (N-H⋯N) was performed.
Investigation of halogen bonding interactions (C-Br⋯Br) and their role in crystal assembly was conducted.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(5)H(5)BrN(2) was successfully determined.
Molecules self-assemble into inversion dimers through N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amine group.
These dimers further organize into two-dimensional layers via type I C-Br⋯Br halogen bonding along the (102) plane, with a Br⋯Br distance of 3.693 Å.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure highlights the significant role of both hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding in directing the supramolecular assembly of C(5)H(5)BrN(2).
The observed 2D layered structure, driven by halogen bonding, provides insights into crystal engineering strategies.
This study contributes to the understanding of non-covalent interactions in organic crystal formation.