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Updated: May 24, 2026
Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Published on: February 14, 2025
Molecular Imaging of Hypoxia: Strategies for Probe Design and Application
Sandeep Apte1, Frederick T Chin, Edward E Graves
1Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiation of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Abstract:
Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor and its precise imaging is of great relevance to therapy planning. The present review summarizes various strategies of probe design for imaging hypoxia with a variety of techniques such as PET, SPECT and fluorescence imaging. Synthesis of some important probes that are used for preclinical and clinical imaging and their mechanism of binding in hypoxia are also discussed.
