[Transcorneal electrostimulation].

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering

Context:

• Electrical stimulation for ophthalmic diseases has a long history with varying acceptance.
• Recent observations in retinal implant projects have renewed interest.
• Neuroprotective effects were noted in retinitis pigmentosa patients, even in areas distant from implants.

Purpose:

• To provide an overview of the scientific background of electrical stimulation for ophthalmic diseases.
• To critically assess data from animal and human studies on electrical stimulation's efficacy.
• To focus on the application and results in retinitis pigmentosa patients.

Summary:

• Animal studies support neuroprotection in degenerative retinal diseases and optic neuropathies.
• Human studies, though often small and short, exist for conditions like nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, retinal artery occlusion, and Stargardt's disease.
• A recent randomized study in retinitis pigmentosa showed positive tendencies and statistically significant visual function improvements in a subgroup.

Impact:

• Electrical stimulation demonstrates potential as a therapeutic approach for various ophthalmic conditions.
• The development of devices for patient self-administration could increase accessibility.
• Further investigation is warranted to establish the full therapeutic potential and optimize treatment protocols.