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Antigen Presenting Cells

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Dendritic cells in old age.

B Grubeck-Loebenstein¹, M Saurwein-Teissl, N Romani

¹Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|February 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell responses. Their identification relies on distinct morphology, surface markers like MHC and CD80/86, and functional capacity to stimulate T-cells.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

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Published on: April 16, 2012

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14⁺ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial antigen-presenting cells.
They possess the unique ability to stimulate naive T-cells, initiating adaptive immune responses.
DCs undergo maturation, altering their characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To define the key identifying features of dendritic cells.
To elucidate the morphological, phenotypic, and functional criteria for DC identification.
To describe the origin, migration, and maturation process of DCs.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis using phase-contrast microscopy to observe cytoplasmic veils.
Phenotypic characterization by flow cytometry, assessing surface marker expression (MHC, CD11c, CD80, CD86, CD1a, CD83, CD14).
Functional assessment via allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T-cell stimulation capacity.

Main Results:

Mature DCs display prominent, mobile cytoplasmic veils.
DCs express high levels of MHC, adhesion, and costimulatory molecules, along with CD1a and CD83, while lacking CD14.
Flow cytometry reveals high light scattering properties for DCs, distinct from lymphocytes.
DCs are potent stimulators of resting T lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

Dendritic cells are identifiable through a combination of morphological, phenotypic, and functional criteria.
These cells originate from bone marrow progenitors and mature in peripheral tissues.
Understanding DC characteristics is vital for immunology and cell-based therapies.