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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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[Principles of biological aging].

M Schosserer1, B Grubeck-Loebenstein, J Grillari

  • 1Department für Biotechnologie, BOKU - Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Wien, Österreich.

Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie
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Gerontology studies biological aging, the increasing risk of death from declining body functions. Research shows interventions can slow aging, and senescent cells contribute to age-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and cellular biology

Background:

  • Biological aging is characterized by a progressive decline in bodily functions, increasing mortality risk.
  • Aging is a fundamental process underlying age-associated diseases.
  • Interventions like dietary restriction and genetic modifications show potential in slowing aging in model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the biological aging process.
  • To investigate the role of cellular senescence in aging and age-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cell culture models of cellular senescence.
  • Culturing human cells in vitro until they reach replicative arrest (cellular senescence).
  • Examining the accumulation and contribution of senescent cells in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Cellular senescence, a state of permanent growth arrest, can be studied in vitro.
  • Senescent cells accumulate in various human tissues with age.
  • Accumulated senescent cells are implicated in the development of age-related pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular senescence is a key component of the aging process.
  • Senescent cells contribute to age-related diseases, highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.