Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is water;...
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial-ASA Publications 2024.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2024
Same author

Editorial-ASA publications 2023.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2023
Same author

Introduction to the Special Issue on COVID-19.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2023
Same author

Allan Pierce and adiabatic normal modes.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2021
Same author

Editorial-ASA Publications 2021.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2021
Same author

Editorial-ASA Publications Update.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Horizontal Lloyd mirror patterns from straight and curved nonlinear internal waves.

K G McMahon1, L K Reilly-Raska, W L Siegmann

  • 1Mathematical Sciences Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA. mcmahk3@rpi.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nonlinear internal waves in shallow water create acoustic ducting. This study models the resulting horizontal Lloyd mirror interference patterns, analyzing how wave characteristics like curvature affect sound propagation.

More Related Videos

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects
10:16

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Wave propagation

Background:

  • Nonlinear internal waves are prevalent in shallow marine environments.
  • These waves significantly impact underwater acoustic propagation, causing effects like ducting and mode coupling.
  • Horizontal ducting occurs when acoustic modes interact with internal wave fronts acting as waveguide boundaries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically describe the horizontal Lloyd mirror interference pattern generated by nonlinear internal waves.
  • To compare a new model predicting this pattern with the adiabatic mode parabolic equation.
  • To investigate the influence of multiple, moving, and curved internal wave fronts on acoustic propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an analytic model for the horizontal Lloyd mirror pattern.
  • Compared model predictions with the adiabatic mode parabolic equation.
  • Simulated scenarios with varying numbers, locations, curvatures, and speeds of internal wave fronts.
  • Considered boxcar and jump sound speed profiles with a 12 m/s sound speed change.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicts horizontal Lloyd mirror patterns.
  • Curvature of internal wave fronts alters mode incidence angles and interference patterns.
  • Concave fronts shrink interference areas with increasing curvature; convex fronts expand them.
  • Front location, number, and speed also influence the observed acoustic patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear internal waves create predictable interference patterns in shallow water acoustics.
  • The geometry and dynamics of internal wave fronts are critical factors in underwater sound propagation.
  • The developed model offers a new tool for understanding acoustic effects in complex marine environments.