Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
Published on: February 20, 2019
Addiction in developmental perspective: influence of conduct disorder severity, subtype, and attention-deficit
Pieter-Jan Carpentier1, Lieke J M Knapen, Mijke T van Gogh
1Novadic-Kentron, Network for Addiction Treatment Services, Vught, The Netherlands. pjbcarpentier@gmail.com
Abstract:
This retrospective cross-sectional study examines whether conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are associated with problem severity and psychiatric comorbidity in 193 middle-aged, opioid-dependent patients. Conduct disorder history, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, and problem severity were assessed by structured interviews and validated instruments. A conduct disorder history was confirmed in 116 (60.1%) participants. Conduct disorder patients had significantly higher problem severity scores, more frequent comorbid substance use disorders, and more severe psychiatric comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was found to increase the risk for psychiatric comorbidity. Conduct disorder persistence is a useful model for elucidating complex psychiatric comorbidity of opioid-dependent patients.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Drug Dependence

