Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cancer

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cognitive Impairment and Chemoendocrine vs Endocrine Therapy in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: A Secondary Analysis of the RxPONDER Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA oncology·2025

Same author

Novel Postneoadjuvant Prognostic Breast Cancer Staging System.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2025

Same author

Clinical Validity of Repeated Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration as an Early Treatment Monitoring Tool for Metastatic Breast Cancer in the PREDICT Global Pooled Analysis.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2025

Same author

Optimising therapy and avoiding overtreatment in breast cancer.

The Lancet. Oncology·2024

Same author

Race and clinical outcomes in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, node-positive breast cancer in the randomized RxPONDER trial.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute·2024

Same author

Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and patient-reported outcomes in symptom management trials for women with breast cancer.

Breast cancer research and treatment·2024

Same journal

Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 12/13 using CT7439 as a treatment for colorectal cancer with CDK12 upregulation.

Molecular oncology·2026

Same journal

In vitro and in silico modelling of ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer reveals fusion-dependent tyrosine kinase inhibitor responses.

Molecular oncology·2026

Same journal

The role of miR-335-5p in the redifferentiation of BRAF p.V600E thyroid cancers.

Molecular oncology·2026

Same journal

EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: A Newly Identified 45-kDa JAK2 Variant with an Altered Kinase Domain Structure Represents a Novel Mode of JAK2 Kinase Inhibitor Resistance.

Molecular oncology·2026

Same journal

ZW4864-mediated inhibition of the β-catenin/BCL9/BCL9L complex reveals therapeutic potential in bladder cancer.

Molecular oncology·2026

Same journal

Liquid biopsy-based diagnostic evaluation of hypermethylated CpG sites for ovarian cancer diagnosis.

Molecular oncology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

Published on: October 26, 2017

Cancer biomarkers.

N Lynn Henry¹, Daniel F Hayes

¹University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5843, USA. norahh@med.umich.edu

Molecular Oncology

|February 24, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rigorous evaluation of biomarkers is crucial for oncology applications. This review outlines key development steps, bias avoidance, and reporting guidelines for reliable clinical use.

More Related Videos

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Published on: March 14, 2019

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

Published on: September 9, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

Published on: October 26, 2017

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Published on: March 14, 2019

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

Published on: September 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Biomarker Discovery
Clinical Research

Background:

Biomarkers are vital tools in oncology, aiding in risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response prediction, and disease monitoring.
Their critical role necessitates stringent validation before integration into clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the essential steps in biomarker development for oncology.
To provide guidance on avoiding bias and reporting results in biomarker studies.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes current knowledge on biomarker development.
It focuses on analytical validation, clinical validation, and clinical utility assessment.
Guidelines for bias mitigation and result reporting are discussed.

Main Results:

Biomarker development requires a multi-stage validation process.
Avoiding bias and transparent reporting are critical for reliable biomarker studies.
Standardized guidelines enhance the translation of biomarkers into clinical care.

Conclusions:

Implementing rigorous evaluation and standardized reporting is essential for the successful clinical application of oncology biomarkers.
Adherence to development guidelines ensures biomarker reliability and utility.
This review provides a framework for best practices in biomarker research and development.