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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
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An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
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Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Ectoenzymes controlling leukocyte traffic.

Marko Salmi1, Sirpa Jalkanen

  • 1MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectoenzymes regulate leukocyte trafficking by modulating cell contacts and migration. Targeting these cell surface enzymes shows promise in preclinical and clinical studies for immune cell control.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ectoenzymes are membrane proteins with extracellular catalytic sites.
  • They are abundant on leukocytes and endothelial cells.
  • These enzymes play multifaceted roles in cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ectoenzymes in leukocyte trafficking.
  • To discuss ectoenzyme regulation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions and migration.
  • To summarize the therapeutic targeting of ectoenzymes in trials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ectoenzymes involved in leukocyte trafficking.
  • Analysis of ectoenzyme families: oxidase, NAD-metabolizing, nucleotidase, peptidase/protease.
  • Examination of preclinical and clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Ectoenzymes fine-tune leukocyte trafficking at multiple steps.
  • Specific ectoenzyme families differentially regulate leukocyte-endothelial contacts.
  • Targeting ectoenzymes is a viable therapeutic strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Ectoenzymes are critical regulators of leukocyte migration.
  • Modulating ectoenzyme activity offers therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into ectoenzyme targeting is warranted.