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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

[Allergic rhinitis in children].

Darko Richter1

  • 1University Department of Pediatrics, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia. darkorichter@hotmail.com

Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic rhinitis, a common childhood condition, involves allergic inflammation and is linked to asthma and eczema. Effective treatments include allergen avoidance, medications, and immunotherapy, which may prevent asthma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Immunology

Context:

  • Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic rhinitis in children.
  • It is frequently comorbid with asthma and atopic eczema.
  • Aeroallergens like dust mites and pollens are primary triggers, but food allergies can also play a role, especially in younger children.

Purpose:

  • To review the epidemiology, triggers, and management of allergic rhinitis in children.
  • To highlight the association between allergic rhinitis and other atopic diseases, particularly asthma.
  • To discuss the role of allergen immunotherapy in preventing asthma development.

Summary:

  • Allergic rhinitis management involves exposure prophylaxis, antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, and intranasal corticosteroids.
  • Specific allergen immunotherapy is a key treatment and may prevent asthma.
  • Combination therapy with antihistamines and leukotriene antagonists is suitable for mild persistent asthma, while intranasal corticosteroids are essential for severe forms.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of allergic rhinitis in pediatric populations.
  • Emphasizes the importance of integrated management strategies for allergic rhinitis and comorbid conditions.
  • Underscores the potential of allergen immunotherapy to alter the natural course of allergic disease, including asthma prevention.