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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Rotavirus vaccination in central Europe.

Zsófia Mészner1, Ioana Anca, Francis André

  • 1National Institute of Child Health, Budapest, Hungary. zsmeszner@ogyei.hu

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|May 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotavirus (RV) causes significant childhood gastroenteritis in Central Europe, yet surveillance and vaccination are lacking. This study estimates RV burden and advises on vaccine implementation for better child health.

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Published on: December 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rotavirus (RV) is a primary cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under five.
  • Central European Vaccination Awareness Group (CEVAG) countries face challenges due to inadequate surveillance and testing for RV.
  • Routine infant immunization with RV vaccines is not widely implemented in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the disease burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children within CEVAG countries.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for rotavirus vaccine use in the region.
  • To establish a framework for national rotavirus vaccination programs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing data to estimate country-specific RV disease burden.
  • Review of current vaccination policies and surveillance systems in CEVAG countries.
  • Development of recommendations for rotavirus vaccine implementation.

Main Results:

  • Significant burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis identified in young children across CEVAG countries.
  • Lack of routine RV testing and vaccination programs highlighted as major issues.
  • Evidence-based recommendations for vaccine use and national frameworks proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for improved rotavirus surveillance and routine infant vaccination in CEVAG countries.
  • Rotavirus vaccines are crucial for reducing childhood gastroenteritis burden.
  • Implementation of national vaccination strategies is essential for public health.