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Updated: May 24, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Normal values of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic parameters in a healthy Japanese population: the JAMP-3D
Shota Fukuda1, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Masao Daimon
1Department of Medicine, Osaka Ekisaikai Hospital, 2-1-10 Honden, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0022, Japan. h-syouta@mve.biglobe.ne.jp
Insights
This study established normal reference values for cardiac measurements using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in a large Japanese population. These findings aid in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is a novel imaging technique for assessing cardiac function.
- Normal reference values for RT3DE parameters are not well-established in large, healthy populations.
- Investigating these values is crucial for accurate clinical interpretation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine normal reference values for left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) parameters using RT3DE.
- To establish these values in a large, healthy Japanese population.
- To support the clinical application of RT3DE.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter study involving 410 healthy Japanese subjects (aged 20-69).
- Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was performed on all participants.
- Exclusion criteria included history of cardiac disease and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Provided mean values for LV end-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index, ejection fraction, and mass index in men and women.
- Established mean values for LA maximum volume index, minimum volume index, and percent volume change.
- Observed age-related changes: LV size decreased, while LA size slightly increased; LV mass index remained stable.
Conclusions:
- This study successfully established normal reference values for cardiac chamber sizes and functions using RT3DE in a large Japanese cohort.
- The findings support the utility of RT3DE for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases.
- RT3DE offers a valuable tool for quantitative cardiac assessment.
Background:
The recently developed real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is a promising imaging method to quantify cardiac chamber volumes and their functions in clinical practice. However, normal reference values of RT3DE parameters have not been fully investigated in a large, healthy Japanese population.
Methods And Results:
This study consisted of 410 healthy subjects aged from 20 to 69 years who had a RT3DE at one of the 23 collaborating institutions. All subjects had no history of cardiac disease and no risk factors. The mean values in men and women were as follows: 50 ± 12 ml/m(2) and 46 ± 9 ml/m(2) for left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index, 19 ± 5 ml/m(2) and 17 ± 4 ml/m(2) for end-systolic volume index, 61 ± 4% and 63 ± 4% for ejection fraction, 64 ± 1 2 g/m(2) and 56 ± 11 g/m(2) for mass index, 23 ± 6 ml/m(2) and 24 ± 6 ml/m(2) for left atrial (LA) maximum volume index, 10 ± 3 ml/m(2) and 10 ± 3 ml/m(2) for minimum volume index, and 58 ± 6% and 58 ± 6% for percent volume change. LV sizes decreased with age, whereas LV mass index did not change. LA sizes slightly increased with age.
Conclusions:
This multicenter investigation determined normal reference values for LV and LA sizes, and their functional parameters on RT3DE in a large, healthy Japanese population. The results of the present study support the use of RT3DE for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease.
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