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Quantum-enhanced tunable second-order optical nonlinearity in bilayer graphene.

Sanfeng Wu1, Li Mao, Aaron M Jones

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Nano Letters
|February 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers theoretically show that AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) can achieve a giant, tunable second-order optical nonlinearity. This breakthrough could enable new mid-infrared photonic applications by overcoming material limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Second-order optical nonlinear processes are crucial for applications like ultrafast lasers and optical imaging.
  • Developing suitable materials for mid-infrared (MIR) nonlinear optics remains a significant challenge.
  • There is a need for robust systems with strong, electrically tunable second-order optical nonlinearity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the potential of AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) for second-order nonlinear optical processes.
  • To demonstrate the possibility of achieving a giant and electrically tunable second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((2))) in BLG.
  • To explore the underlying quantum mechanisms responsible for the enhanced nonlinearity in BLG.

Main Methods:

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  • Theoretical modeling of AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) under an in-plane electric field.
  • Quantum mechanical calculations to analyze the electronic spectrum and nonlinear optical response.
  • Investigating the tunability of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((2))) and its resonance characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • BLG theoretically exhibits a giant and tunable second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((2))) up to ~10(5) pm/V.
    • The nonlinear susceptibility is significantly larger (3 orders of magnitude) than conventional nonlinear crystals like AgGaSe(2).
    • The large χ((2)) originates from quantum-enhanced two-photon processes unique to BLG's electronic structure.
    • Tunable electronic bandgap allows for wavelength tuning of the nonlinear response from ~2.6 to ~3.1 μm.

    Conclusions:

    • AB-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) offers a promising platform for achieving giant, tunable second-order nonlinear optical effects.
    • The electrical tunability and large nonlinear response overcome limitations in current MIR nonlinear materials.
    • BLG's unique electronic properties pave the way for a new era of nonlinear photonics.