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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Radiological score, asthma and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease predict relapsing chronic rhinosinusitis.

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The Nose as a Route for Therapy: Part 1. Pharmacotherapy.

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One dose of preoperative, intravenous, prophylactic antibiotics significantly lowers postoperative infection rate in septoplasty-a study of 772 operations.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
11:54

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

[Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis?].

Maija Hytönen1, Jari Suvilehto

  • 1HYKS, korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikka, Helsinki.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
|March 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nasal and sinus infections, previously classified as rhinitis or sinusitis, are now commonly referred to as rhinosinusitis. This updated terminology reflects a broader understanding of these common respiratory conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Context:

  • Acute and chronic infections affecting the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses are highly prevalent.
  • Historically, infections were distinctly categorized as rhinitis (nasal cavity) or sinusitis (paranasal sinuses) based on anatomical location.
  • Recent decades of research have introduced and popularized the term rhinosinusitis.

Purpose:

  • To review the historical classification of nasal and sinus infections.
  • To introduce the current terminology of rhinosinusitis.
  • To highlight the evolution of understanding in the diagnosis of upper airway infections.

Summary:

  • Infections of the nasal and paranasal sinus regions are common.
  • Traditional classification distinguished between rhinitis and sinusitis based on symptom localization.

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
11:54

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

  • The term rhinosinusitis has emerged to encompass infections involving both the nasal cavity and sinuses.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates a more unified approach to diagnosing and treating upper airway infections.
    • Improves communication among healthcare professionals regarding sinonasal inflammatory conditions.
    • Reflects advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of these widespread conditions.