Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

10:09
Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing (CCM) System
Published on: October 1, 2019
Ten years of the collaborative cross.
G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|March 3, 2012
Summary
The Collaborative Cross (CC) project is developing a mouse resource for advanced genetic analyses. This collection of articles showcases progress and early applications of these novel recombinant inbred lines.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Genomics
- Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis
- Systems Genetics
Background:
- The Collaborative Cross (CC) project aims to create a powerful genetic resource for mouse research.
- Current mouse models have limitations for complex trait dissection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report recent advances from the international Collaborative Cross (CC) project.
- To highlight the development of a new resource for quantitative trait locus (QTL) and systems genetic analyses in mice.
- To showcase proof-of-principle experiments using incipient inbred CC mice.
Main Methods:
- Development of hundreds of independently bred, octo-parental recombinant inbred mouse lines.
- Analysis of genetic data from these novel mouse lines.
Main Results:
- Progress toward the completion of the CC resource.
- Demonstration of the utility of incipient inbred CC mice for genetic studies.
- Identification of new research areas and complementary resources facilitated by the CC project.
Conclusions:
- The Collaborative Cross provides a valuable resource for enhancing genetic analyses in mice.
- Early studies demonstrate the potential of CC mice for systems genetics and QTL mapping.
- The CC project is advancing mouse genetics research and enabling new discoveries.
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Crossing Over
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Crossing Over
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing over
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Cross Product
The cross product is a fundamental concept in vector algebra that is a vector operation on two different vectors to obtain a third vector. Unlike the scalar product, the cross product results in a vector quantity perpendicular to both the original vectors.
The magnitude of the cross product is obtained by multiplying the magnitude of both the vectors and the sine of the angle between them. This means that a larger angle between the vectors will lead to a greater magnitude of the cross product.
The magnitude of the cross product is obtained by multiplying the magnitude of both the vectors and the sine of the angle between them. This means that a larger angle between the vectors will lead to a greater magnitude of the cross product.
Cross-bridge Cycle
As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Cross-reactivity
Overview

