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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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[Hepatitis E: molecular virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis].

Francisco Rodríguez-Frias1, Rosendo Jardi, María Buti

  • 1Unidad de Proteínas Hepatitis, Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España. frarodri@vhebron.net

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|March 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes liver disease globally, often through contaminated water. This zoonotic virus, prevalent in developing nations, can lead to severe illness, particularly in pregnant women, prompting research into vaccines and therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of enterically transmitted liver disease, particularly in developing countries, often linked to waterborne epidemics.
  • While typically causing self-limiting acute infections, HEV is increasingly recognized in industrialized nations, affecting travelers and individuals without clear risk factors.
  • HEV has four genotypes; genotypes 1 and 2 primarily infect humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, infecting mammals like pigs and posing a public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical significance of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections.
  • To highlight the zoonotic potential of HEV and its implications for public health.
  • To discuss emerging concerns regarding chronic HEV infections and therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Hepatitis E virus (HEV) epidemiology and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of HEV genotypes, transmission routes (oral-fecal, parenteral), and host range.
  • Examination of HEV's public health impact, mortality rates, and risk groups.

Main Results:

  • HEV causes significant liver disease globally, with epidemics primarily in developing countries due to contaminated water.
  • HEV is a zoonotic agent, with genotypes 3 and 4 being prevalent in industrialized countries and infecting animals, particularly pigs.
  • Chronic HEV infections have been observed in immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients, and HEV infection has a higher mortality rate than Hepatitis A.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E represents a significant global health challenge due to its transmission patterns and potential for severe outcomes, especially in pregnant women.
  • The zoonotic nature of HEV necessitates a One Health approach to control and prevention.
  • Ongoing research into HEV vaccines and therapies like interferon and ribavirin is crucial for managing this disease, particularly chronic cases and severe infections.