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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Automatic Surgery in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Augmented Reality
07:46

Automatic Surgery in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Augmented Reality

Published on: August 9, 2024

Dynamic Features for Iris Recognition.

R M da Costa, A Gonzaga

    IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a Publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society
    |March 6, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel biometric system using near-infrared (NIR) illumination and visible light pulses to capture dynamic iris features (DFs). This method achieves high recognition accuracy and offers fraud-proof identification by analyzing the eye

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 24, 2026

    Automatic Surgery in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Augmented Reality
    07:46

    Automatic Surgery in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Using Augmented Reality

    Published on: August 9, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Biometrics
    • Computer Vision

    Background:

    • Human eyes exhibit pupillary light reflexes, contracting and dilating in response to light.
    • Near-infrared (NIR) illumination (800-1400 nm) allows iris imaging with less light sensitivity.
    • Consensual reflex synchronizes pupil responses in both eyes when one is illuminated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a device for measuring dynamic pupil and iris movement.
    • To overcome limitations of light-induced reflexes in digital eye imaging.
    • To extract novel biometric features from the human eye's reaction to light.

    Main Methods:

    • A device utilizing the consensual reflex for pupil and iris movement measurement.
    • Capturing images of one eye using NIR illumination while the other eye is pulsed with visible light.
    • Extraction of 'dynamic features' (DFs) based on the eye's response to light stimuli.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that the extracted dynamic features are highly discriminating.
    • Achieved an average recognition accuracy of 99.1% using Euclidean distance.
    • Validated the potential for fraud-proof biometric recognition.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed methodology effectively extracts unique dynamic iris features (DFs).
    • This approach provides a highly accurate and secure biometric recognition system.
    • The method leverages the living iris's physiological response, enhancing security against fraud.