[Complement--a phylogenetically old system as a new player in the development of atherosclerosis]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cardiovascular Science

Context:

• Atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke, stem from chronic arterial wall inflammation.
• The complement system, a key innate immune component, significantly influences atherosclerotic plaque development and thrombotic events.

Purpose:

• To explore the dual role of the complement system in atherosclerosis: promoting inflammation and thrombosis, while also offering atheroprotective clearance of apoptotic material.
• To highlight the intricate interplay between complement activation and coagulation pathways in linking inflammation to thrombosis.

Summary:

• The complement system's pro-inflammatory actions contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and acute thrombotic events.
• Evidence suggests a critical link between complement and coagulation systems, exacerbating inflammation and thrombosis.
• Conversely, the complement system aids in clearing apoptotic debris, potentially exerting an atheroprotective effect.

Impact:

• Understanding these complex complement-mediated mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
• Targeting the complement system presents a promising avenue for reducing tissue damage in acute ischemic events.
• The potential for early anti-inflammatory and anti-complement therapies to prevent atherosclerosis warrants further intensive research.