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Related Concept Videos

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
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Published on: October 20, 2021

Caged glutathione - triggering protein interaction by light.

Volker Gatterdam1, Tatjana Stoess, Clara Menge

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a photoactivatable glutathione (GSH) to control the GSH-GST network with light. This breakthrough enables light-triggered assembly of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in situ.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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07:47

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07:19

Bioluminescent Optogenetics 2.0: Harnessing Bioluminescence to Activate Photosensory Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: August 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Glutathione (GSH) is a crucial endogenous antioxidant and cofactor.
  • Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes utilize GSH for detoxification and other cellular processes.
  • Controlling cellular redox and enzymatic activity with external stimuli is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a photoactivatable glutathione (GSH) system.
  • To enable light-inducible control over the GSH-GST network.
  • To demonstrate the spatial and structural assembly of GST fusion proteins using light.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a photoactivatable glutathione analog.
  • Utilizing laser-scanning activation to trigger GSH-GST interactions.
  • Engineering GST fusion proteins for light-controlled assembly.

Main Results:

  • Successful photoactivation of the GSH-GST network using light.
  • Demonstrated in situ assembly of GST fusion proteins at variable densities.
  • Showcased precise spatial control over protein assembly via laser scanning.

Conclusions:

  • Photoactivatable GSH provides a novel tool for spatiotemporal control of biological processes.
  • Light-triggered assembly of GST fusion proteins offers new possibilities in synthetic biology and biomaterials.
  • This approach enhances our ability to manipulate cellular redox and enzymatic functions with high precision.