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Lagging Strand Synthesis

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

DNA Replication

DNA Replication

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication uses a large number of...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

DNA Packaging

DNA Packaging

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

DNA origami: synthesis and self-assembly.

Arivazhagan Rajendran¹, Masayuki Endo, Hiroshi Sugiyama

¹Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry

|March 8, 2012

Summary

This guide details DNA origami, a technology for creating custom DNA nanostructures. It provides step-by-step instructions for designing, synthesizing, and expanding these structures in 1D and 2D using self-assembly.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

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Published on: May 8, 2015

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

Published on: March 5, 2019

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

Published on: September 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Synthetic Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

DNA origami is a rapidly advancing field enabling the precise construction of nanoscale architectures.
The ability to design complex 2D and 3D structures from DNA offers significant potential in various scientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a practical, introductory guide to the design and synthesis of DNA origami nanostructures.
To detail methods for expanding the size of DNA origami structures in one and two dimensions.

Main Methods:

Step-by-step experimental protocols for DNA origami design.
Synthesis procedures for creating target nanostructures.
Self-assembly techniques for size expansion in 1D and 2D.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of a practical approach to DNA origami synthesis.
Establishment of methods for controlled size expansion of DNA nanostructures.
Validation of the self-assembly process for creating larger, defined structures.

Conclusions:

This guide offers a foundational resource for researchers new to DNA origami.
The presented methods facilitate the creation and scaling of complex DNA nanostructures.
The technology holds promise for advancements in nanoscale engineering and molecular assembly.