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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Inclusion controlled lanthanide-imidazolium functionalised carboxylate complexation.

Irene Ling1, Yatimah Alias, Brian W Skelton

  • 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ireneling@siswa.um.edu.my

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|March 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a novel multi-component material using imidazolium functionalized carboxylic acid, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, and lanthanide ions. This material stabilizes dinuclear metal complexes, offering insights into lanthanide ion coordination chemistry.

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Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
09:38

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

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Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
09:38

Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lanthanide ions are crucial in various applications, including catalysis and medical imaging.
  • Designing stable multi-lanthanide complexes remains a challenge in coordination chemistry.
  • Calixarene-based receptors offer unique platforms for metal ion complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel multi-component material incorporating imidazolium functionalized carboxylic acid, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, and lanthanide ions.
  • To investigate the stabilization of dinuclear metal complexes of Yttrium(3+) and Gadolinium(3+).
  • To elucidate the coordination modes of carboxylate ligands in dinuclear lanthanide complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-component material synthesis involving self-assembly.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • Spectroscopic techniques for characterization.

Main Results:

  • A multi-component material was successfully formed, stabilizing dinuclear Y(3+) and Gd(3+) complexes.
  • The Y(3+) complex exhibited two bridging carboxylates between the metal centers.
  • The Gd(3+) complex showed a similar bridging arrangement with an additional carboxylate linkage.

Conclusions:

  • The developed material effectively stabilizes dinuclear lanthanide complexes.
  • The study reveals the simplest carboxylate bridging modes in dinuclear Y(3+) and Gd(3+) complexes.
  • This work provides a foundation for designing more complex lanthanide-based supramolecular structures.