Nonstationary heat conduction in one-dimensional models with substrate potential

The paper investigates nonstationary heat conduction in one-dimensional models with substrate potential. To establish universal characteristic properties of the process, we explore three different models: Frenkel-Kontorova (FK), phi4+ (φ(4)+), and phi4- (φ(4)-). Direct numeric simulations reveal in all these models a crossover from oscillatory decay of short-wave perturbations of the temperature field to smooth diffusive decay of the long-wave perturbations. Such behavior is inconsistent with the parabolic Fourier equation of heat conduction and clearly demonstrates the necessity for hyperbolic corrections in the phenomenological description of the heat conduction process. The crossover wavelength decreases with an increase in the average temperature. The decay patterns of the temperature field almost do not depend on the amplitude of the perturbations, so the use of linear evolution equations for the temperature field is justified. In all models investigated, the relaxation of thermal perturbations is exponential, contrary to a linear chain, where it follows a power law. The most popular lowest-order hyperbolic generalization of the Fourier law, known as the Cattaneo-Vernotte or telegraph equation, is also not valid for the description of the observed behavior of the models with the substrate potential, since the characteristic relaxation time in an oscillatory regime strongly depends on the excitation wavelength. For some of the models, this dependence seems to obey a simple scaling law.