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Updated: May 24, 2026
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Droplet formation in microfluidic T-junction generators operating in the transitional regime. II. Modeling
Tomasz Glawdel1, Caglar Elbuken, Carolyn L Ren
1Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
Summary
This study models droplet generation in microfluidic T-junctions within the transition regime. The developed model accurately predicts droplet size, production rate, and spacing based on geometry and flow conditions.
Area of Science:
- Fluid dynamics
- Microfluidics
- Droplet generation
Background:
- Previous work characterized droplet formation stages experimentally.
- The transition regime in microfluidic T-junctions involves complex droplet confinement dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a predictive model for droplet generation in microfluidic T-junctions.
- To describe performance in squeezing to transition regimes, focusing on droplet confinement.
Main Methods:
- A model incorporating detailed drop shape geometry, force balance, and necking criteria was developed.
- The model accounts for T-junction geometry (width ratio, height-to-width ratio), capillary number, and flow ratio.
Main Results:
- The model inherently captures the influence of geometric and flow parameters on droplet generator performance.
- Model predictions were validated against high-speed video observations for various T-junctions and flow conditions.
Conclusions:
- The developed model provides a robust framework for understanding and predicting droplet generation in microfluidic T-junctions.
- This work enhances the design and optimization of microfluidic devices for precise droplet control.
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