Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds

In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as annulenes. In...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving complex brachytherapy efficiency: Multidisciplinary quality assurance and workflow optimization.

Brachytherapy·2026
Same author

Explaining Snowball-in-Hell Phenomena in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using a Novel Thermodynamic Variable.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Characterization of a prototype rapid kilovoltage x-ray image guidance system designed for a linear accelerator radiation therapy unit.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2025
Same author

Launching Stealth AutoGuide<sup>TM</sup> robot for stereotactic biopsy procedures in a neurosurgical centre: learning curve and workflow optimization.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2025
Same author

Irreversible entropy transport enhanced by fermionic superfluidity.

Nature physics·2024
Same author

Functional improvement of patients with Parkinson syndromes using a rehabilitation training software.

Frontiers in neurology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Clock shift in a strongly interacting two-dimensional Fermi gas.

Christian Langmack1, Marcus Barth, Wilhelm Zwerger

  • 1Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We derived universal relations for radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy in two-dimensional Fermi gases. The rf transition rate and clock shift reveal logarithmic scaling violations dependent on scattering lengths.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases

Background:

  • Radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy is a key tool for probing quantum gases.
  • Understanding interactions in two-dimensional (2D) Fermi gases is crucial for quantum simulations and devices.
  • Universal relations can simplify the analysis of complex many-body systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive universal relations for rf spectroscopy of a 2D Fermi gas with two spin states.
  • To analyze the behavior of the rf transition rate and clock shift concerning interaction parameters.
  • To investigate logarithmic scaling violations in the high-frequency tail of the transition rate.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of universal relations for rf spectroscopy.
  • Analysis of the rf transition rate and its high-frequency tail.
  • Calculation of the clock shift dependence on 2D scattering lengths.

Main Results:

  • The rf transition rate exhibits a high-frequency tail proportional to the contact, with logarithmic scaling violations.
  • The transition rate's asymptotic behavior is 1/(ω^2 ln^2 ω), with a coefficient depending on the ratio of 2D scattering lengths.
  • The clock shift is proportional to the contact and the logarithm of the ratio of 2D scattering lengths, arising from cancellations at large ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Universal relations provide a framework for interpreting rf spectroscopy data in 2D Fermi gases.
  • Logarithmic scaling violations are a signature of interactions and dimensionality in the system.
  • The derived relations offer insights into the role of initial- and final-state interactions in rf spectroscopy.