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Related Experiment Video

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Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
02:43

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Examining impulse-variability in overarm throwing.

M A Urbin1, David Stodden, Rhonda Boros

  • 1Auburn University-Department of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USA.

Motor Control
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Throwing velocity variability in overarm throws follows an inverted-U pattern, peaking at 60% effort. This finding supports impulse-variability theory but not a speed-accuracy trade-off for complex skills.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between effort, variability, and accuracy is crucial in motor skill performance.
  • Impulse-variability theory and Fitts' Law offer competing predictions for speed-accuracy trade-offs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate throwing velocity variability and spatial error in overarm throws.
  • To test predictions of an inverted-U function for velocity variability and a speed-accuracy trade-off.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty subjects (skilled and unskilled) performed overarm throws at 40-100% of maximum velocity.
  • Throwing velocity was measured via radar gun; spatial error was recorded.
  • Within-subject ANOVAs and mixed model regression analyzed variability and error.

Main Results:

  • Throwing velocity variability exhibited an inverted-U function, peaking at 60% maximum effort.
  • Variability increased from 40% to 60% and then decreased towards maximum effort.
  • No significant linear speed-accuracy trade-off was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Data support an inverted-U function for overarm throwing velocity variability, particularly near maximum effort.
  • The findings challenge the universal applicability of a speed-accuracy trade-off in complex ballistic movements.
  • Enhanced regulation of force production and timing may explain the observed variability pattern.