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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Sequences sufficient for programming imprinted germline DNA methylation defined.

Yoon Jung Park1, Herry Herman, Ying Gao

  • 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. park.yoonjung@gmail.com

Plos One
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Rasgrf1 gene

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic marks are crucial for development, but signals guiding their placement are unclear.
  • Genomic imprinting in mammals involves sex-specific DNA methylation programmed during gametogenesis.
  • The Rasgrf1 locus in mice demonstrates imprinted expression regulated by DNA methylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the minimal sequences required for imprinted DNA methylation at the Rasgrf1 locus.
  • To investigate the role of specific DNA elements and RNA in regulating imprinted methylation.
  • To explore the influence of transmission history on epigenetic pattern maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of two transgenic mouse lines carrying either the full Rasgrf1 cluster (RC) or its differential methylation domain and repeats (DR).
  • Assessment of DNA methylation patterns in germ cells and after fertilization.
  • Analysis of pit-RNA production and its regulatory role in cis and trans.

Main Results:

  • The differential methylation domain and repeats (DR) alone are sufficient to program imprinted DNA methylation in germlines.
  • Transgenic constructs recapitulated endogenous imprinting, including sex-specific methylation establishment and erasure.
  • pit-RNA, produced by the repeats, regulates DNA methylation in cis.
  • Pedigree history influenced the maintenance of established methylation patterns, suggesting a model for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

Conclusions:

  • The differential methylation domain and downstream repeats of Rasgrf1 are sufficient to direct imprinted DNA methylation.
  • The pit-RNA molecule plays a cis-regulatory role in establishing imprinted methylation.
  • Transmission patterns can impact the stability of epigenetic marks, offering insights into transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.