Pathology of peripheral vestibular disorders in the elderly

A clinical classification of vertigo commonly seen in the elderly and caused by peripheral vestibular disorders is illustrated by case reports and temporal bone histopathology. The classification includes inducible transient vertigo and noninducible protracted vertigo. The peripheral vestibular pathology includes abnormalities of sensory, neural, and mechanical structures and is often asymmetric. The pathogenesis of these disorders is often speculative, but includes degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, and vascular insults to the vestibular labyrinth.