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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells
12:24

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

Differential peptide binding to CD40 evokes counteractive responses.

Srijit Khan1, Livan Alonso-Sarduy, Livan Alonso

  • 1National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India.

Human Immunology
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD40's dual immune response function, inducing both pro-inflammatory IL-12 and anti-inflammatory IL-10, is explained by distinct ligand binding sites. This discovery offers new insights into immune regulation and CD40 signaling pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD40 regulates immune responses, inducing both pro-inflammatory (IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines.
  • The precise mechanism behind CD40's dual functional capacity remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if CD40's functional duality is dependent on ligand binding.
  • To identify specific ligands that elicit differential CD40 responses.

Main Methods:

  • Phage peptide library screening for CD40-binding peptides.
  • Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for interaction analysis.
  • Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to predict binding modes.

Main Results:

  • Two dodecameric peptides, peptide-7 and peptide-19, were identified with distinct CD40-binding capabilities.
  • Peptide-7 induced IL-10 and enhanced Leishmania donovani infection, while peptide-19 induced IL-12 and reduced infection.
  • Interaction analyses (SPR, AFM) showed no significant differences in binding parameters, but MD simulations suggested distinct binding sites.

Conclusions:

  • Differential binding of ligands to distinct sites on CD40 is proposed as the mechanism for its functional duality.
  • This finding provides a novel understanding of CD40 signaling and immune response modulation.