Synthesis and cellular biocompatibility of two nanophase hydroxyapatite with different Ca/P ratio

The cellular biocompatibility of two types of nanophase hydroxyapatites including nanophase standard hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and nanophase calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (n-CDHA) synthesized by a wet chemical method were assessed using primary cultured osteoblasts. Cytotoxicity of both materials was investigated with L929 cell line. The MTT method was used to evaluate the proliferation of osteoblasts on the third day and ALP activity assay was carried out on the fifth day. SEM was used to observe the morphology of the osteoblasts on the third day. Two types of nanophase hydroxyapatite both showed no cytotoxicity. Higher cell proliferation was observed on n-CDHA than n-HA. At the same time, cells spread more actively on the n-CDHA group. The ALP level of n-CDHA was also significantly higher on the former. Our results show that the n-CDHA is more suitable for osteoblasts growth and is also helpful for ALP synthesis.