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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Published on: May 27, 2021

Tourette syndrome.

Andrea E Cavanna1, Cristiano Termine

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. a.cavanna@ion.ucl.ac.uk

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder often accompanied by other conditions. Emerging research suggests TS may present with multiple phenotypes, challenging its view as a single entity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics.
  • It frequently co-occurs with other neuropsychiatric conditions like ADHD and OCD, affecting approximately 90% of patients.
  • Depression and personality disorders are also commonly reported in individuals with TS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Tourette syndrome.
  • To explore the potential for multiple TS phenotypes.
  • To challenge the long-held view of TS as a unitary condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Tourette syndrome.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and phenotypic variations.
  • Synthesis of information on tic management and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • TS is increasingly recognized as a common neuropsychiatric disorder diagnosed in early childhood.
  • Comorbidities such as ADHD, OCD, depression, and personality disorders are highly prevalent.
  • Recent evidence suggests the existence of multiple TS phenotypes, contradicting the unitary model.

Conclusions:

  • Tourette syndrome should be considered more broadly than just a motor disorder.
  • The concept of TS as a single, unitary condition is outdated.
  • Future research should focus on identifying and characterizing distinct TS phenotypes.