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Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...

Preparation of Epoxides

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...

Reactivity of Enols

Reactivity of Enols

Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is governed by factors like...

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...

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(E)-N'-(3-Eth-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-4-meth-oxy-benzohydrazide.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Premrudee Promdet, Jirapa Horkaew

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|March 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a benzohydrazide derivative, C(17)H(18)N(2)O(4). It reveals specific dihedral angles and hydrogen bonding patterns, forming a 2D network in the crystal lattice.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Molecular Structure

Background:

Benzohydrazide derivatives are important organic compounds with diverse applications.
Understanding the molecular structure and crystal packing is crucial for predicting chemical properties and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of a specific benzohydrazide derivative (C(17)H(18)N(2)O(4)).
To analyze the spatial arrangement of functional groups and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and hydrogen bonding interactions.

Main Results:

The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings was determined to be 6.86(11)°.
The methoxy and ethoxy groups exhibited distinct deviations from planarity with respect to their respective benzene rings.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O) formed a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.
Observed C-H⋯π interactions and short C⋯O contacts (2.980(3) Å).

Conclusions:

The study provides precise structural data for the investigated benzohydrazide derivative.
The identified hydrogen bonding network and other interactions dictate the compound's solid-state organization.
This structural information can serve as a basis for further research into the properties and potential applications of this class of compounds.