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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation01:14

Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

This lesson delves into the aldol condensation catalyzed by bases, where aldols undergo dehydration to enals. As shown in Figure 1, the β-hydroxy aldehyde formed in a base-catalyzed aldol addition reaction dehydrates on heating to yield an unsaturated carbonyl product, which is commonly referred to as an enal.
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation00:43

Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

As shown in Figure 1, under acidic conditions, the β-hydroxy ketone undergoes dehydration via an E1 elimination reaction to form an enone.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

(E)-N'-(4-Eth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-4-hy-droxy-benzohydrazide dihydrate.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Jirapa Horkaew, Suchada Chantrapromma

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |June 22, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a benzohydrazide compound, revealing a trans conformation and specific dihedral angles between its aromatic rings. Hydrogen bonds between the molecule and water form a 3D network in the crystal lattice.

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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
    09:34

    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

    Published on: February 6, 2020

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    Last Updated: May 21, 2026

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
    06:46

    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

    Published on: June 21, 2017

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
    11:01

    Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
    09:34

    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

    Published on: February 6, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Benzohydrazide derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry.
    • Understanding molecular conformation and crystal packing is crucial for drug design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific benzohydrazide compound.
    • To analyze the molecular conformation, including dihedral angles and planarity.
    • To investigate the hydrogen bonding network in the solid state.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles.
    • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds.

    Main Results:

    • The benzohydrazide molecule adopts a trans conformation around the C=N double bond.
    • Specific dihedral angles were measured between the central plane and the substituted benzene rings (6.04° and 2.38°).
    • A three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network involving benzohydrazide and water molecules was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the benzohydrazide compound.
    • The observed conformation and hydrogen bonding pattern offer insights into intermolecular forces in crystalline solids.
    • This structural information can be valuable for understanding structure-activity relationships in related compounds.