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N-(4-Chloro-3-nitro-phen-yl)maleamic acid
Abstract:
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(10)H(7)ClN(2)O(5), the acyclic C=C double bond is cis configured. The C=O and O-H bonds of the acid group are in a relatively rare anti position to each other, due to the donation of intramolecular hydrogen bond to the amide by the carboxyl group. The nitro group is significantly twisted [dihedral angle = 66.9 (3)°] out of the plane of the remaining atoms, which are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation for non-H atoms except the nitro group = 0.202 Å). In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into zigzag chains running along the b axis.
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The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...