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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Tumor associated regulatory dendritic cells.

Yang Ma1, Galina V Shurin, Dmitriy W Gutkin

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|March 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Tumor microenvironment immune cells, especially regulatory dendritic cells, drive cancer progression. Understanding their mechanisms offers new therapeutic strategies to improve cancer treatment efficacy.

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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity
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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Immune cells within the tumor microenvironment critically influence cancer development and progression.
  • Immune regulatory cells are involved in all cancer stages, including genomic instability, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual role of dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment.
  • To understand the mechanisms of regulatory dendritic cell function in cancer.
  • To identify therapeutic targets for modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Investigation of regulatory dendritic cell polarization and function.
  • Exploration of pharmacological interventions targeting immune pathways.

Main Results:

  • Dendritic cells exhibit a dual role, potentially promoting or inhibiting anti-tumor immunity.
  • Regulatory dendritic cells contribute to T cell unresponsiveness and immune evasion.
  • These cells influence myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory dendritic cells play a significant role in cancer pathogenesis and immune suppression.
  • Targeting regulatory dendritic cell pathways presents opportunities for novel cancer therapies.
  • Modulating the tumor microenvironment is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.