[The perspectives of development of molecular diagnostics of allergy in the microarray format]

All over the world, many people suffer of various forms of allergy. The timely and accurate diagnostics of allergic sensitization is able to prevent the complications and to select a proper mode of therapy. Over the last century, were isolated and characterized hundreds of specific allergenic substances, in the form of extract mainly In 1966, the class E immunoglobulins were discovered and their role in the formation of hypersensitivity type 1 was explained. Hence, the application of techniques of specific sensitization diagnostics became possible in vitro. The diagnostic systems based on the principles of immune-enzyme assay on plate. The appearance and rapid development of microarray technology in the end of XX century provided an opportunity to implement mass screening of specimen on hundreds and thousands markers. The given technique seems to be promising for carrying out a voluminous and rapid allergoscreening. A prototype specimen of test system was developed in the form of microarray with 15 immobilized allergens. The 16 samples of blood serum of patients with allergic diseases were analyzed. The findings demonstrated a high correlation with reference allergosorbent test. The analysis mode implies a direct immobilization of allergen on phase. This approach makes the most of standard extracts unsuitable due to the presence of considerable amount of non-allergenic "ballast" proteins. In most cases, certain groups of allergens, as shared proteins, manifest a high cross-reactivity decreasing the diagnostics specificity. The issue of appropriateness and necessity of implementing the refined or artificial allergenic components is to be discussed. The experiment results confirmed the correctness of conclusions done and approaches chosen. The component-enabling diagnostics in the microarray format will make it possible to enhance the specificity and accessibility of analysis which will undoubtedly affect patients' quality of life.