Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then has...

Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor

Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor

Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate.
In the 19th century, Michael Faraday conducted the famous ice pail experiment to prove that the charges always reside on the surface of a conductor. The experimental set-up consists of a conducting uncharged container mounted on an insulating stand. The outer surface of the container is...

Superconductor

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric field, the...

Types Of Superconductors

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Topography Influence on Noble Metals' Work Function Measured In Vacuo by Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety of iscalimab (CFZ533) in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study.

RMD open·2025

Same author

A dephasing sweet spot with enhanced dipolar coupling.

Communications physics·2025

Same author

Large Tunable Kinetic Inductance in a Twisted Graphene Superconductor.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Quasiparticle and superfluid dynamics in Magic-Angle Graphene.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and growth of human gingival fibroblasts on modified titanium dental implant surfaces exhibiting 1,000-nm spikes.

Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Quantum Hall effect in graphene with superconducting electrodes.

Peter Rickhaus¹, Markus Weiss, Laurent Marot

¹Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

|March 16, 2012

Summary

We observed enhanced quantum Hall plateau conductance in graphene connected to superconducting niobium electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to Andreev edge-states formed at the interface, impacting quantum Hall effect physics.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Published on: January 21, 2016

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Phenomena

Background:

The integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) is a hallmark of 2D electron systems in strong magnetic fields.
Superconducting contacts can modify electronic properties at interfaces.
Graphene's unique electronic structure offers possibilities for novel quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interplay between the integer quantum Hall effect and superconductivity in graphene.
To explore the influence of superconducting contacts on quantum Hall plateau conductance.
To understand the role of Andreev processes in hybrid graphene-superconductor systems.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of graphene devices with integrated niobium superconducting electrodes.
Electrical transport measurements under varying magnetic fields and temperatures.
Analysis of plateau conductance in the quantum Hall regime.

Main Results:

Observation of coexistence between the integer quantum Hall effect and superconductivity below 4 Tesla.
Significantly enhanced plateau conductance compared to the normal state.
Attribution of the enhancement to Andreev edge-states formed at the graphene-superconductor interface.
Strong dependence of the enhancement on the filling factor, with a less pronounced effect on the first plateau.

Conclusions:

Superconducting contacts can lead to novel quantum phenomena in graphene.
Andreev processes at the interface are crucial for the observed enhancement of quantum Hall plateau conductance.
The findings provide insights into hybrid superconductor-semiconductor systems and potential applications in quantum electronics.