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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures
09:10

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures

Published on: August 5, 2021

Toothbrushing education via a smart software visualization system.

Christian Graetz1, Jule Bielfeldt, Lars Wolff

  • 1Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany. graetz@konspar.uni-kiel.de

Journal of Periodontology
|March 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A smart digital toothbrush system (DTS) significantly improved brushing technique and oral hygiene in users. This technology demonstrated a lasting learning effect, enhancing correct brushing motion and grip axis orientation at home.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral hygiene technology
  • Digital health interventions
  • Preventive dentistry

Background:

  • Evaluating the efficacy of novel smart digital toothbrush monitoring and training systems (DTS) for improving at-home oral hygiene practices.
  • Assessing the DTS's impact on correct brushing motion and grip axis orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficiency of a new smart digital toothbrush system (DTS) in improving brushing technique.
  • To evaluate the long-term learning effects and oral hygiene improvements associated with DTS use.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 21 participants, comparing a DTS group (DTSG) with a control group (COG).
  • Participants received instruction on the modified Bass technique (MBT) and underwent monitoring at baseline (T0), 36 hours (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks post-intervention (T3).
  • Data collection included plaque and gingival indices, brushing technique assessment, and brushing duration.

Main Results:

  • The DTSG showed a significant increase in correct MBT usage, rising from 27.27% at baseline to 90.91% at T2 and maintained at 80% at T3, compared to controls.
  • Plaque scores were significantly reduced in the DTSG (P <0.05), with sustained improvements observed between T2 and T3 on buccal surfaces.
  • DTSG participants consistently brushed for over 120 seconds at T2 and T3, significantly longer than the COG.

Conclusions:

  • The tested digital toothbrush system (DTS) effectively enhances brushing technique and promotes a sustained learning effect.
  • The DTS contributes to significant improvements in overall oral hygiene when used in an at-home setting.