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Aggression

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...

Bullying

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques V

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques V

A social support system is a structured network of personal relationships that provides assistance to individuals facing various challenges, offering a buffer against psychological and physical stressors. This network may consist of family members, friends, neighbors, colleagues, or other community members who provide resources and companionship. Social support can take many forms, including advice, emotional comfort, practical help, and companionship. Research indicates that these networks can...

Bystander Effect

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Rape aggression defense and workplace violence prevention.

Sarah Steelman Wells¹

¹Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC, USA.

Journal of Healthcare Protection Management : Publication of the International Association for Hospital Security

|March 20, 2012

Summary

A workplace violence prevention program using R.A.D. Basic Physical Defense training for women employees is a cost-effective strategy. This popular program offers significant benefits with minimal initial investment, enhancing employee safety.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health and Safety
Security Management
Adult Education

Background:

Workplace violence is a significant concern in healthcare settings.
Existing prevention methods may be costly or less effective.
There is a need for accessible and affordable safety training for employees.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness and popularity of the R.A.D. Basic Physical Defense program.
To assess the cost-benefit ratio of the R.A.D. program for workplace violence prevention.
To highlight a low-cost solution for enhancing employee safety.

Main Methods:

Implementation of the R.A.D. (Rape Aggression Defense) Basic Physical Defense program for women employees.
Tracking program participation and feedback to gauge popularity.
Analyzing the initial investment in equipment and certification versus program benefits.

Main Results:

The R.A.D. program has been highly popular among women employees.
The program is identified as a low-cost method for workplace violence prevention.
The initial investment is negligible compared to the program's benefits.

Conclusions:

The R.A.D. Basic Physical Defense program is an effective and economical approach to workplace violence prevention.
Health systems can benefit from implementing similar accessible safety training.
Investing in such programs yields substantial returns in employee safety and well-being.