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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Spondyloarthropathies.

Michael Ehrenfeld1

  • 1Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel. ehrenfel@post.tau.ac.il

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|March 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are inflammatory rheumatic diseases linked to HLA-B27. New criteria and TNF-alfa blockers offer improved diagnosis and treatment for patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) encompass inflammatory rheumatic disorders with axial/peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and dactylitis.
  • A shared genetic predisposition, the HLA-B27 gene, is associated with SpA, though its prevalence varies across subtypes and ethnicities.
  • Environmental factors are implicated in triggering these conditions in genetically susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic criteria for Spondyloarthropathies (SpA).
  • To highlight advancements in early SpA diagnosis using MRI.
  • To discuss the role of new therapies in managing SpA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic and classification criteria for SpA, including ESSG and ASAS criteria.
  • Inclusion of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in early axial SpA classification.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic advancements, particularly TNF-alfa-blocking agents.

Main Results:

  • New ASAS criteria enable earlier SpA identification before structural spinal changes.
  • MRI is a key diagnostic tool for early axial SpA.
  • TNF-alfa-blocking agents represent a significant therapeutic advance, halting disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Modern diagnostic criteria and MRI have improved early detection of SpA.
  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa-blocking agents offer effective disease modification and treatment options for SpA patients.