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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

To-Go medications for decreasing ED return visits.

Bryan D Hayes¹, Leila Zaharna, Michael E Winters

¹Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. bryan.hayes@alumni.mcphs.edu

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

|March 20, 2012

Summary

Providing patients with a complete course of antibiotics at discharge significantly reduced emergency department (ED) return visits by 50%. This intervention for conditions like urinary tract infections and cellulitis proved cost-effective, costing only $1123 for a year.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Emergency Medicine
Health Services Research

Background:

Patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) with prescriptions may face barriers to accessing medications.
Inconsistent antibiotic completion can lead to treatment failure and increased healthcare utilization.
Limited health insurance or closed pharmacies can exacerbate medication access issues for vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of providing a complete course of antibiotics at discharge on reducing 7-day return visits to the ED.
To assess the cost-effectiveness of a 'To-Go medications' program for select infectious conditions.

Main Methods:

A comparative study was conducted at an urban academic medical center between January and December 2010.
Patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, cellulitis, or dental infections were included.
The intervention group received 'To-Go medications' at discharge, while the control group received standard prescription care.

Main Results:

A total of 4257 patients were initially seen; 243 received 'To-Go medications' and 4014 received standard care.
The 'To-Go medications' group had a significantly lower return rate (2.5%) compared to the standard care group (5.9%; P = .026).
A significant reduction in return visits was also observed in the cellulitis subgroup (1.6% vs 6.9%; P = .024).

Conclusions:

Providing a free, complete course of antibiotics at discharge resulted in a 50% reduction in ED return visits for select conditions.
The program demonstrated cost-effectiveness, with a total annual expense of $1123 for medications dispensed.
This intervention offers a viable strategy to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs associated with medication non-adherence.